Classical Theory - 2202 Words

Question: (i.) Critically evaluate the classical theory of organization and management in the light of contemporary business environmental changes facing managers in Nigeria (ii.) How did the neoclassical and contingency theories improve on the imperations of the classical approach? (i.) Critically evaluate the classical theory of organization and management in the light of contemporary business environmental changes facing managers in Nigeria Classical organization theories (Taylor, 1947; Weber, 1947; Fayol, 1949) deal with the formal organization and concepts to increase management efficiency. Taylor presented scientific†¦show more content†¦They should also comply with the rules and regulations of the organization. †¢ Unity of command: This means taking orders from and being responsible to only one superior. †¢ Unity of direction: Members of the organization should jointly work toward the same goals. Organization Theory Behaviour Page 3 †¢ Subordination of individual interest to general interest: The interest of the organization should not become subservient to individual interests or the interest of a group of employees. †¢ Remuneration of personnel: This can be based on diverse factors such as time, job, piece rates, and bonuses, profit†sharing or non†financial rewards. †¢ Centralization: Management should use an appropriate blend of both centralization and de† centralization of authority and decision making. †¢ Scalar chain: If two members who are on the same level of hierarchy have to work together to accomplish a project, they need not follow the hierarchy level, but can interact with each other on a gang plank if acceptable to the higher officials. †¢ Order: The organization has a place for everything and everyone who ought to be so engaged. †¢ Equity: Fairness, justice and equity should prevail in the organization. †¢ Stability of tenure of personne l: Job security improves performance. An employee requires some time to get used to new work and do it well. †¢ Initiative: This shouldShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning929 Words   |  4 PagesDiscussion 5 1. Define: Classical Conditioning is learning theory based on the assumption that the learning process occurs due to associations between an environmental stimulus and a natural occurring stimulus, as indicated in our textbook. This learning theory was developed by John Watson. He proposed that this theory is able to explain human behavior. Watson also assumed that our environment shapes our personality as a whole. His ideas were influenced by the findings of Ivan Pavlov, a RussianRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning Theory Essay712 Words   |  3 Pagesattachment theory is a psychological, an ethological and an evolutionary theory that is concerned with relationships between humans, specifically between mother and infant. An infant has to develop a relationship with at least one of their primary caregivers for them to develop socially and emotionally. This essay will look at evaluating the theories of Ivan Pavlov, John B Watson, Edward Thorndike, BF Skinner, John Bowlby (1958) , and Mary Anisworth (1979) Two important learning theories of behavioristRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning1129 Words   |  5 PagesIn this assignment I will be looking at the Behaviourist perspective with Ivan Pavlov’s (1902) theory about classical conditioning. I will be discussing how I have used human development and learning perspectives in my placement to support young people in their personal and social development with providing a case study about them. I will be writing about how the theory demonstrates effective youth and community work practice including the five pillars of youth work. Behaviourists look at behaviourRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning1360 Words   |  6 PagesIs it possible to rouse fear from a stimulus that at first caused no such response? Classical conditioning is a type of learning where a response is produced from combining a conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to produce an unconditioned response. Ivan Pavlov did a famous study, pairing the sound of a bell with food to produce salivation. After a while, just the sound alone would produce salivation. â€Å"Little Albert†, an infant that belonged to a wet nurse at the Harriet Lane HomeRead MoreThe Classical Liberalism Theory1016 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The Classical liberalism theory mainly emphasis is sited on shielding the freedom of the individual by restricting the power of the government. Classical liberalism is a wide philosophy of politics, economics, and human society that upholds individual freedom and the acknowledgement of universal human dignity. The most important features of The classical liberalism theory is consist of the following beliefs: All human beings have intrinsic dignity and worth, all individuals have intrinsicRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning1202 Words   |  5 PagesIn this essay the ways in which classical conditioning principals have been used to treat problem behaviours in humans will be discussed. Firstly the findings of Ivan Pavlov’s research experiment on classical conditioning will be explained. Then a number of his basic principals that include extinction, spontaneous recovery, stimulus generalisation and acquisition will be explored. Finally, the use of behavioural therapy i n treating problem behaviours, specifically in relation to systematic desensitisationRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning1222 Words   |  5 PagesHarlow and his monkey experiment. Their attitude and behavior grows into what they have experienced. Although Harlow has found this theory, Ivan Pavlov experimented with dogs and discovered classical conditioning. Classical conditioning can show how attitudes are formed and changed, how and when attitudes influence behavior, and how we change attitudes and behavior. Classical conditioning is basically learning through association, which induces involuntary or automatic responses to certain stimuli. ARead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning994 Words   |  4 Pagesconditioned by transfer persist, although with a certain loss in the intensity of the reaction, for a longer period than one month.† The data reported in this paper definitely supports this conclusion. The purpose of this experiment was to test the theory of classical conditioning as well as transfer (stimulus generalization); and to see if they would be able to successfully condition an emotional response of fear. When this experiment began, Little Albert was 11 months and 3 days old. Watson and RaynerRead MoreClassical Theory : Classical Organization Theory2124 Words   |  9 PagesClassical Organization Theory It is difficult to trace when organizational structure began. It does mark an origin of commerce among Muslims, Hebrews, Greeks, and Romans (Shafritz, Ott, Jang, 2011). Classical Organization theory is the traditional phase for other schools of organization theory are built upon. It is the most important basic step of how, why, when, who and where organization theory originated and other theorists are able to evolve higher levels of organizational theories due toRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning1824 Words   |  8 PagesClassical conditioning The first theory of learning is called classical conditioning and was developed by Ivan Pavlov a Russian physiologist. He started working with dogs to investigate their digestive system, they were ties to a harness and Pavlov added monitors to their stomachs and mouths to measure the rate of saliva produced. He found out that when a lab assistant came in to give the dog food before the dog tasting the food it started to produce saliva, saliva is a reflex response and Pavlov